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HIV Antibody Screening and Confirmation Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body makes in response to infection. It helps determine if you have been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["This test screens for HIV antibodies, aiding early detection of potential infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
21336-3
Short code
HIV2 gp15 Ab Ser Ql IB
Synonyms
HIV2 gp15 Ab Ser Ql IB
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ib
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

How the Test Works

The test uses a blood sample (either serum or plasma) to identify HIV antibodies. These antibodies develop after your body is exposed to HIV, typically within weeks to months after infection. The test relies on immunoassay methods to detect these antibodies.

Sample Collection

A small amount of blood is drawn from your arm by a healthcare professional. The blood is then processed to separate the serum or plasma for testing.

What to Expect Before the Test

You may experience slight discomfort during the blood draw, but it usually takes only a few minutes. Avoid alcohol for 24 hours before the test, as it can affect blood test results.

What to Expect After the Test

After the blood draw, you can resume normal activities immediately. There may be a small bruise or redness at the site, but this typically fades within a few days.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

This test is crucial for early diagnosis of HIV. Early detection allows for prompt medical intervention, which can significantly improve health outcomes and reduce the risk of disease progression. It is often used as part of routine screening, especially in high-risk groups, or as part of follow-up testing after potential exposure.

Short name

HIV Antibody Test

Frequently asked questions

Why might I need this test?
You may need this test if you have risk factors for HIV, such as unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, or other behaviors that increase exposure risk. It may also be recommended if you have symptoms that could indicate infection, such as unexplained weight loss, frequent illnesses, or unexplained fatigue. Healthcare providers may also order this test as part of routine check-ups or after potential exposure events like accidental needle sticks.
What does a positive result mean?
A positive result means your blood test detected HIV antibodies, indicating a likely current or past HIV infection. You will need further testing, such as a confirmatory test, to confirm the result. Follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to discuss next steps, which may include starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) to manage the infection.
What if my test result is negative?
A negative result means your blood test did not detect HIV antibodies at the time of testing. However, HIV can take time to develop antibodies, so it’s important to retest if you have risk factors for HIV. If you suspect you may have been exposed, consult your healthcare provider about additional testing or prevention options.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy