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HIV Antibody Screening Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body produces in response to infection. It helps determine if you may have been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["This screening helps identify possible HIV infection early for timely medical care."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
21338-9
Short code
HIV2 p31 Ab Ser Ql IB
Synonyms
HIV2 p31 Ab Ser Ql IB
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ib
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test looks for specific antibodies (proteins) your immune system makes when it encounters HIV. These antibodies are present in your blood or plasma after infection, typically within a few weeks to months after exposure.

How the Test Works

Your healthcare provider will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm. The blood is then tested using an immunoassay method to detect HIV antibodies. This test is designed to be sensitive enough to detect low levels of these antibodies.

Why It’s Important

Early detection of HIV allows for immediate access to treatment, which can help manage the virus and improve your health outcomes. It also helps prevent the spread of HIV to others.

What to Expect Before the Test

There are no special preparations needed for this test. You may have a small bruise or slight discomfort at the injection site, but this usually fades quickly. If you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a bleeding disorder, let your doctor know before the test.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

How long after exposure might I test positive?
HIV antibodies usually appear in your blood within 2 to 8 weeks after exposure, but some people may take longer. If you suspect exposure, it’s best to get tested at least 3 months after the event, as early tests may not detect antibodies yet.
What if my test comes back positive?
A positive result means your doctor will likely recommend a follow-up test called a confirmatory HIV test (such as a Western Blot or nucleic acid test) to confirm the result. They will also discuss next steps, including treatment options and how to protect others from infection.
Can I still have sex or share needles if my test is positive?
No, if your test is positive for HIV, you should avoid sharing needles, unprotected sex, or other behaviors that could spread the virus to others. Your doctor will provide guidance on safe practices and how to manage your health.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy