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HIV Antibody Screening Test (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body produces in response to infection. It helps determine if you have been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["This screening helps identify potential HIV exposure for further evaluation."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
21340-5
Short code
HIV2 p58 Ab Ser Ql IB
Synonyms
HIV2 p58 Ab Ser Ql IB
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ib
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test looks for HIV antibodies in your blood or plasma. Antibodies are proteins your immune system makes when it encounters HIV. If your body has been exposed to HIV, these antibodies will be present in your blood. This test is designed to detect these antibodies to screen for HIV infection.

How the Test Works

This test uses an immunoassay method to detect HIV antibodies. A small sample of your blood (serum or plasma) is collected and analyzed. The test checks for specific antibodies that correspond to different strains of HIV, helping to identify if you have been infected.

Why It’s Done

HIV antibody screening is typically performed as part of routine health check-ups, especially if you are at higher risk for HIV (e.g., sexually active with multiple partners, intravenous drug use, or exposure to infected blood). It can also be done as part of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) monitoring or after potential exposure to HIV.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed for this test. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw blood. The process usually takes a few minutes. If you are taking blood thinners or have a history of bleeding disorders, let your healthcare provider know before the test.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

What does a positive result mean?
A positive result means your blood contains antibodies to HIV, indicating you have likely been infected. This result will be followed by a confirmatory test to ensure accuracy. Early detection is crucial for managing HIV and preventing complications.
What does a negative result mean?
A negative result means your blood did not show detectable HIV antibodies at the time of testing. However, HIV can take weeks to months to develop detectable antibodies. If you suspect you may have been exposed to HIV, you should still see a healthcare provider for further evaluation, including additional testing.
How often should I get tested?
Testing frequency depends on your risk factors. If you are at low risk, testing every 6–12 months may be recommended. If you are at higher risk, your healthcare provider may suggest more frequent testing, such as annually or more often. Regular testing is especially important if you are on PrEP or have recently been exposed to HIV.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy