HIV Genotype Test (Serum/Plasma)

What This Test Measures

The HIV genotype test detects the genetic sequence variations of the HIV virus. These variations can affect how the virus responds to antiretroviral medications. The test uses a blood sample to analyze the virus’s genetic material, typically through a specialized laboratory technique that identifies precise genetic markers.

How the Test Works

Your healthcare provider will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm. The sample is then sent to a lab where genetic sequencing is performed to determine the HIV genotype. This process involves extracting viral RNA or DNA from your blood and analyzing it for specific mutations that define the virus’s subtype.

Why It Matters in Treatment

Genotype testing is crucial because different HIV subtypes may require different medications. For example, some subtypes may be more resistant to certain drugs, and knowing your genotype helps ensure your treatment is effective and avoids resistance.

When You Might Need This Test

You may need an HIV genotype test if your HIV levels (viral load) are low but your symptoms persist, if you’ve been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for a while, or if your doctor suspects drug resistance. It’s also used when starting new medications to confirm the best options for your specific virus type.