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HIV Antibody and Antigen Immunoassay (Qualitative, Plasma/Serum)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies and antigens related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in your blood. It helps determine if you have been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["HIV screening identifies potential exposure; confirmation confirms active infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
72559-8
Short code
HIV INI Susc Pnl Islt Phenotyp
Synonyms
HIV INI Susc Pnl Islt Phenotyp
Category
coagulation
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
phenotyping
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

How the Test Works

The test uses immunoassay methods to detect HIV-specific proteins (antigens) and antibodies in your plasma or serum. If HIV is present, the test can identify either antibodies produced by your immune system or antigens from the virus itself, depending on the phase of infection.

Sample Collection

A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm. This is a standard procedure and typically causes only minor discomfort.

Test Results Interpretation

Results are qualitative (yes/no) and indicate whether HIV antibodies or antigens are detected. A positive result means further testing (like a confirmatory assay) is needed to confirm HIV infection.

When to Get Tested

HIV screening is recommended for everyone aged 15–65, or at higher risk (e.g., unprotected sex, shared needles, or HIV-positive partners). Your doctor may also recommend testing if you have symptoms like fever, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Early detection of HIV is crucial for managing the infection and preventing complications like AIDS. Untreated HIV can weaken your immune system, increasing vulnerability to infections and diseases. Treatment options improve quality of life and longevity when started early.

Short name

HIV Screening/Confirmatory Test

Frequently asked questions

What does a positive result mean?
A positive result means the test detected HIV antibodies or antigens, but it does not confirm HIV infection alone. Your healthcare provider will follow up with additional confirmatory tests to ensure accuracy.
How soon can I get results?
Results are typically available within 24–48 hours, but timing depends on your lab’s process. Follow-up instructions will be provided by your healthcare team.
Can I get tested if I’m pregnant?
Yes, HIV screening is highly recommended during pregnancy to prevent transmission to your baby. Testing is safe and does not harm you or your unborn child.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy