Skip to content

HIV Genotypic Resistance Testing (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test analyzes the genetic material of HIV to identify specific mutations that may affect how the virus responds to antiretroviral medications.

Quick summary

["Helps doctors tailor treatment to your virus strain for better control and reduced resistance over time."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
49658-8
Short code
HIV NRTI Susc Pnl Islt Genotyp
Synonyms
HIV NRTI Susc Pnl Islt Genotyp
Category
coagulation
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
genotyping
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your doctor may recommend this test if you’re starting antiretroviral therapy (ART), experiencing treatment failure, or suspecting resistance to current medications. It helps ensure your treatment is effective and avoids unnecessary side effects from less effective drugs.

How the Test Works

A small blood sample is taken to collect HIV genetic material. Advanced laboratory techniques (like high-performance liquid chromatography or immunoassay) identify mutations in the virus’s genes that could reduce the effectiveness of certain medications.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed, but inform your doctor about any medications you’re taking, including over-the-counter drugs or supplements, as they may affect results.

What to Expect After the Test

Results are typically ready within 1–2 weeks. Your doctor will discuss findings and adjust your treatment plan if needed. Follow-up visits may be scheduled to monitor progress.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

This test is critical for managing HIV treatment. Mutations detected can indicate resistance to specific drugs, prompting doctors to switch medications to avoid treatment failure. Early identification allows for more effective and personalized care, improving long-term health outcomes.

Short name

HIV Genotype Test

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to get results from this test?
Results are usually available within 1–2 weeks after the sample is processed in the lab.
Can I stop taking my current HIV medications while waiting for this test?
No, it’s important to continue taking your current medications as prescribed unless your doctor advises otherwise. Stopping them could affect the accuracy of the test results or your treatment response.
Does this test cover all HIV medications?
No, this test specifically identifies genetic mutations in the virus itself, not the effectiveness of individual drugs. Your doctor will use these findings to guide medication choices based on resistance patterns.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy