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HIV Protease Gene Mutation Analysis (Genotypic Resistance Testing)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test checks for specific mutations in the HIV protease gene, which can help determine if the virus is resistant to certain antiretroviral medications.

Quick summary

["Understanding your HIV protease gene mutations helps doctors choose the best treatment plan for you."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
100985-1
Short code
HIV protease failed codons Islt Genotyp
Synonyms
HIV protease failed codons Islt Genotyp
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
genotyping
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you’re starting HIV treatment, experiencing treatment failure, or have been exposed to HIV. It helps identify which protease inhibitors (a class of HIV drugs) may not work effectively against your virus.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. A blood sample is typically taken from a vein in your arm. The test analyzes genetic material from your virus to detect mutations in the protease gene.

How the Results Are Used

The results help tailor your HIV treatment to avoid drug resistance. If mutations are found, your doctor may adjust your medication regimen to improve effectiveness and reduce side effects.

Common Conditions Monitored

This test is primarily used in people with HIV to guide treatment decisions, especially when starting protease inhibitor-based therapy or after treatment changes.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

HIV protease mutations can reduce the effectiveness of protease inhibitors, a key class of antiretroviral drugs. Detecting these mutations early helps prevent treatment failure, which can lead to drug resistance and more difficult-to-treat infections. Your doctor will use these results to optimize your treatment plan and ensure better viral suppression.

Short name

HIV Protease Gene Mutation Test

Frequently asked questions

What does a positive result mean?
A positive result indicates the presence of specific mutations in the HIV protease gene that may make certain protease inhibitors less effective. This doesn’t mean your treatment will fail outright, but your doctor will adjust your medication based on these findings to improve outcomes.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are usually available within 1 to 2 weeks after the blood sample is collected. Your healthcare provider will discuss the findings with you during a follow-up visit.
Can this test be done on other specimens?
This test is typically performed on blood samples because it requires genetic material from the virus. However, if your healthcare provider has concerns about viral load or resistance, they may recommend additional testing.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy