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HIV Resistance Genotyping (Genotypic Resistance Testing for HIV)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test analyzes specific sequences in the HIV virus to identify mutations that may affect how well certain antiretroviral medications work. It helps doctors tailor treatment to your needs.

Quick summary

["This test helps determine if your HIV medication may be less effective due to genetic variations in the virus."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
100983-6
Short code
HIV RT failed codons Islt Genotyp
Synonyms
HIV RT failed codons Islt Genotyp
Category
coagulation
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
genotyping
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you’re on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and experience side effects, viral resistance, or suboptimal viral suppression. It’s also used to guide treatment decisions in new HIV diagnoses or when switching medications.

How the Test Works

A small blood sample is taken to extract viral DNA. Specialized laboratory techniques (such as sequencing) identify mutations in the HIV genome that could reduce the effectiveness of specific drugs. Results are compared to a reference database of known resistance patterns.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed, but inform your provider about any medications you’re taking, including over-the-counter drugs or supplements, as they may affect results. Avoid alcohol for 24 hours before testing if instructed.

What the Results Mean

Results show which HIV mutations are present and whether they correspond to resistance to particular classes of antiretroviral drugs. A positive finding means certain medications may be less effective, while negative findings suggest your current regimen may remain suitable.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HIV Genotype Test

Frequently asked questions

What does my test result indicate about my treatment options?
If mutations are detected that match known resistance patterns, your doctor may adjust your medication regimen to avoid ineffective drugs. If no resistance mutations are found, your current treatment may continue to be effective. Always discuss results with your healthcare provider to personalize your care plan.
How long will it take to get my results?
Results are typically available within 1–2 weeks, depending on your laboratory’s processing time. Your provider will contact you once results are ready.
Can I stop taking my current HIV medication while waiting for results?
No, do not stop or change your antiretroviral therapy without consulting your doctor. Resistance testing is done to guide treatment, not to alter it independently.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy