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HIV Genotypic Resistance Testing (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test analyzes the genetic material of HIV in your blood to identify specific mutations that may affect how well certain antiviral medications work.

Quick summary

["Helps determine the best treatment options for managing HIV infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
49660-4
Short code
HIV Susc Pnl Islt Genotyp
Synonyms
HIV Susc Pnl Islt Genotyp
Category
coagulation
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
genotyping
CPT
86701
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you’re taking HIV medications and aren’t responding well, if side effects are occurring, or if you’re considering starting new antiviral therapy. It helps ensure your treatment is effective and tailored to your virus’s genetic profile.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. A blood sample will be drawn from a vein in your arm. You may feel a slight pinch, but it usually doesn’t cause discomfort. If you’re on blood thinners, let your provider know before the test.

What Happens During the Test

The blood sample is processed to extract HIV genetic material. Advanced laboratory techniques (such as high-performance liquid chromatography or immunoassay) detect specific mutations in the virus’s genes that influence drug resistance.

How the Results Are Used

Results identify which mutations are present in your HIV virus. This information guides your healthcare team in selecting the most effective antiviral medications to prevent resistance and improve treatment outcomes.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

This test is critical for monitoring treatment response and adjusting medications to avoid resistance. Mutations detected can indicate whether your current therapy is working or if changes are needed. Early detection helps prevent drug resistance, which can make HIV harder to treat and reduce treatment success rates.

Short name

HIV Genotype Test

Frequently asked questions

What does a positive result mean?
A positive result means specific genetic mutations in your HIV virus that may affect how well your current medications work. These mutations are not the same as having HIV—rather, they are variations in the virus’s genetic code that could influence treatment effectiveness.
Will this test show if I have HIV?
No, this test specifically looks for genetic mutations in HIV, not the presence of HIV itself. For HIV detection, a separate test (like an HIV antibody test) is used. If you’re concerned about HIV, discuss this with your provider.
How often should I get this test?
Your provider will determine the frequency based on your treatment history, response to medications, and overall health. Typically, it may be done every few months or as needed to monitor treatment progress.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy