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Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Antibody Screening (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test checks for antibodies in your blood that may react against certain proteins found on white blood cells (leukocytes), which can be important in transplant medicine or when managing autoimmune conditions.

Quick summary

["Helps identify potential immune reactions that could affect organ transplant compatibility or autoimmune responses."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
51937-1
Short code
HLAABBWDR
Synonyms
—
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Might Be Ordered

Doctors may recommend this test if you’re preparing for an organ transplant, experiencing unexplained kidney function changes, or have conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis where antibodies are suspected.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You’ll provide a blood sample (serum or plasma) via a simple venipuncture. Results may take several days to weeks, depending on lab processing.

What the Test Measures

The test detects the presence and levels of antibodies against specific HLA antigens (e.g., HLA-A, B, C, DR, DQ) using immunoassay methods, which measure immune system reactivity.

Common Uses in Healthcare

Results guide decisions for organ donation/transplantation, monitor autoimmune diseases, or assess compatibility in conditions like hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN).

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

HLA Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

What Does a Positive Result Mean?
A positive result indicates the presence of antibodies that may target specific HLA proteins, which could increase risk for transplant rejection or complications in autoimmune conditions. Follow-up testing may be needed to confirm or refine findings.
How Might My Doctor Use These Results?
Your doctor may use these results to tailor transplant medications, adjust treatment plans for autoimmune diseases, or identify compatible donors if applicable. They’ll discuss next steps based on your specific situation.
Are There Any Risks or Side Effects?
The blood draw itself carries mild risks (e.g., bruising, slight discomfort). There are no known long-term risks from the test itself, but results may influence future medical decisions.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy