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High-Resolution Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Phenotyping (Serum)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the specific types (phenotypes) of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in your blood. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin is a protein that helps protect your lungs from damage caused by enzymes released during inflammation.

Quick summary

["Understanding your Alpha-1 Antitrypsin type can help assess your risk for lung diseases like emphysema."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
45031-2
Short code
HLA-C SBT High Res
Synonyms
HLA-C SBT High Res
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
high-resolution
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Might Be Ordered

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have a family history of lung diseases, symptoms like chronic cough or shortness of breath, or if you have been diagnosed with conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cirrhosis. It can also be used to monitor treatment progress or evaluate genetic risks.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed for this blood test. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw a blood sample. The process is quick and typically causes only minor discomfort.

What the Results Mean

The test identifies your specific Alpha-1 Antitrypsin phenotype (e.g., M, S, Z, or variants) based on protein patterns detected through high-resolution techniques. Different phenotypes correlate with varying risks for lung disease or liver issues.

Common Conditions Linked to Alpha-1 Antitrypsin

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin deficiency is linked to lung diseases like emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Some variants may also affect liver function, though this is less common. Your provider will discuss how your results relate to your health based on your symptoms and medical history.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) Phenotyping

Frequently asked questions

What does my Alpha-1 Antitrypsin phenotype tell me about my health?
Your phenotype helps determine if you have a higher risk for lung diseases. For example, the Z phenotype is strongly associated with emphysema, while the S phenotype may have a milder effect. Your provider will interpret the results in the context of your medical history and symptoms to guide further care.
How often should I get this test?
If you have a known Alpha-1 Antitrypsin deficiency, your provider may recommend regular monitoring, possibly every few years or as needed. If this is a screening test, follow-up may depend on your symptoms and risk factors. Always ask your healthcare provider for personalized guidance.
Can lifestyle changes help if I have a high-risk phenotype?
Yes, lifestyle modifications like quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding lung irritants can reduce your risk of complications. Some individuals with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin deficiency may also benefit from enzyme replacement therapy or lung function monitoring. Always discuss these options with your provider.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy