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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Antibody Screening by Immunoassay (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to HIV, the virus that can cause AIDS. It helps determine if you’ve been exposed to the virus, even if you don’t yet have symptoms.

Quick summary

["Early detection of HIV antibodies is crucial for managing infection and preventing progression to AIDS."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
70014-6
Short code
HPIV 1+2+3+4 IgA Ser Ql IA
Synonyms
HPIV 1+2+3+4 IgA Ser Ql IA
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
CPT
82784
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have risk factors for HIV, such as unprotected sex, shared needles, or exposure to infected blood. It’s also part of routine testing for certain groups (e.g., sexually active adults, pregnant women).

How the Test Works

A small blood sample is taken from your arm. The serum or plasma is tested using an immunoassay method to identify HIV antibodies. This method detects proteins the body produces in response to the virus.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. Wear comfortable clothing and arrive with an ID if you’re at higher risk for HIV. Bring any recent medical records if requested.

What to Expect During the Test

You’ll have a needle inserted into your vein, and a small amount of blood will be drawn. The process takes a few minutes. You may feel slight discomfort, but it’s usually over quickly.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on your lab’s processing schedule. Follow-up instructions will be provided by your healthcare provider.
What does a positive result mean?
A positive result suggests you may have HIV antibodies, prompting further testing to confirm the diagnosis. Your provider will guide next steps, including treatment options and counseling.
Can I still be infected if my test is negative?
Yes, HIV antibodies may not appear immediately after exposure. If you’ve had recent risk factors, repeat testing in 3 months may be recommended to check for infection.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy