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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Antibody Screening by Immunoassay (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects antibodies to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, in your blood or plasma. It helps determine if you’ve been exposed to the virus.

Quick summary

["This screening identifies potential HIV infection early for timely medical evaluation."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
40985-4
Short code
HPIV3 IgG Ser Ql IA
Synonyms
HPIV3 IgG Ser Ql IA
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
CPT
82784
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test looks for antibodies produced by your immune system in response to HIV. These antibodies are created after exposure to the virus, typically within weeks to months. The immunoassay method uses specific probes to detect these antibodies in your blood or plasma sample.

How the Test Works

Your blood or plasma sample is analyzed to identify the presence of HIV-specific antibodies. If antibodies are found, it suggests past or current infection, though further testing (like confirmatory assays) is needed to confirm HIV status.

Why It’s Done

Healthcare providers may order this test during routine check-ups, especially for high-risk groups (e.g., sexually active individuals, those with multiple sexual partners, or intravenous drug users). It’s also used in screening for pregnant women, blood donors, or before certain medical procedures.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may fast before the test, but this doesn’t affect the accuracy of the HIV antibody screening. Bring any medications you’re currently taking to your appointment.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 1–3 business days, depending on your lab’s processing time. Follow-up instructions will be provided by your healthcare provider.
Can I get false positives or false negatives with this test?
False positives are rare but possible due to cross-reactions with other infections. False negatives can occur if tested too early after exposure. Confirmatory tests (e.g., Western blot or PCR) are used to validate results.
Does this test show if I currently have HIV?
No, this screening test detects antibodies produced after exposure. For active infection confirmation, additional tests like viral load or PCR are needed, especially if results are positive or if you suspect recent exposure.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy