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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) DNA Detection by Nucleic Acid Amplification (NAA) Probe

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test checks for the presence of genetic material from HSV-1, the virus responsible for oral herpes (cold sores). It helps determine if you have an active infection or have been exposed recently.

Quick summary

["This test can help guide treatment decisions and monitor infection status."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
49381-7
Short code
HSV1+2 DNA # Spec NAA+probe
Synonyms
HSV1+2 DNA # Spec NAA+probe
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
probe-amp-tar
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like sores around your mouth, fever blisters, or if you’ve been exposed to someone with HSV-1. It may also be used to confirm a diagnosis in cases where symptoms are unclear or to check for infection in people without obvious signs.

How the Test Works

A small sample of saliva is collected and analyzed using a specialized probe to detect the virus’s genetic material. This method is highly sensitive and can identify even small amounts of HSV-1 DNA.

Sample Collection

You’ll likely provide a saliva sample, which is collected by swabbing the inside of your cheek or collecting saliva in a provided container. No special preparation is needed, but avoid eating, drinking, or brushing your teeth for about 30 minutes before the test.

What to Expect After the Test

Results are typically available within a few days. If the test is positive, it means the virus is actively present in your system. If negative, it suggests you either don’t have an active infection or were tested too early after exposure.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

HSV-1 DNA Test

Frequently asked questions

This test helps confirm an HSV-1 infection, which can guide treatment options such as antiviral medications. It’s also useful for monitoring recurrence or assessing exposure risk in healthcare or high-risk settings.
This test does not show whether you’ve had the virus before or if you’re immune. It only detects active infection at the time of testing.
What does a positive result mean?
A positive result indicates that the virus’s genetic material is present in your saliva, meaning you likely have an active HSV-1 infection. This can guide treatment decisions and help manage symptoms.
How soon after exposure can I get tested?
Ideally, testing should occur within 2–14 days after exposure to increase the likelihood of detecting the virus. However, if you have symptoms, testing can still be helpful even if done later.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy