Herpes Simplex Virus Antibody, IgG and IgA in Cerebrospinal Fluid (HSV IgG/IgA CSF)

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like severe headaches, neck stiffness, confusion, or seizures that could suggest a viral infection in your brain or spinal cord. It’s also used in cases where HSV infection is suspected in people with weakened immune systems or after exposure to HSV.

What to Expect Before the Test

The test involves a lumbar puncture (spinal tap), where a needle is inserted into your lower back to collect CSF. You may feel pressure or mild discomfort, but it’s usually not painful. You’ll lie on your side with your knees bent, and the provider will guide the needle carefully. You may be given a mild sedative to help relax.

What the Test Involves

A small amount of CSF is collected and sent to a lab for analysis. The lab tests for the presence of HSV-specific IgG and IgA antibodies, which indicate past or current infection. The test doesn’t measure the virus itself but helps determine if your immune system has responded to HSV exposure.

What the Results Mean

Positive results for HSV antibodies in CSF suggest an active HSV infection in the nervous system. The presence of both IgG and IgA antibodies can indicate a chronic or recent infection. Negative results mean no detectable antibodies, which may mean the infection is absent or too early to detect.