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Human T-lymphotropic virus type I/II antibody screening (serum/plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test checks for antibodies to the Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), a virus that can affect the immune system and sometimes cause serious health conditions like myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis.

Quick summary

["Screening for HTLV antibodies helps identify potential exposure and guides further evaluation if needed."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
14222-4
Short code
HTLV I p36 Ab Ser Ql
Synonyms
HTLV I p36 Ab Ser Ql
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms or risk factors for HTLV infection, such as living in or traveling to areas with higher prevalence (e.g., certain regions of the Caribbean, South America, or parts of Africa and Asia). It may also be recommended for blood donors, healthcare workers, or individuals with certain immune-related conditions.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You’ll have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw a blood sample. The process is quick and typically causes only minor discomfort.

What the Test Results Mean

A positive result means your blood contains antibodies to HTLV-I or HTLV-II, indicating past or current infection. A negative result suggests no detectable antibodies, but it doesn’t rule out infection if you’ve had exposure recently. Follow-up testing (like confirmation) may be needed.

What Happens Next

If your result is positive, your provider will likely order additional tests to confirm the diagnosis and assess your health. They may also recommend monitoring for complications like HTLV-associated myelopathy.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

HTLV-I/II Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

How often do I need this test?
If you’re at risk for HTLV infection, your healthcare provider may recommend periodic screening, but there’s no standard schedule. Results will guide whether further testing or follow-up is needed.
Can I get HTLV from sharing needles or blood transfusions?
Yes, HTLV can be transmitted through blood transfusions (rarely) or sharing needles, but it’s not spread through casual contact like other viruses (e.g., HIV). Blood banks screen for HTLV, so transfusions are very safe.
What symptoms might indicate HTLV infection?
Some people with HTLV infection have no symptoms, but possible signs include chronic fatigue, muscle weakness, nerve pain, or unexplained weight loss. If you notice these symptoms, discuss them with your provider.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy