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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Antibody Screening, Serum/Plasma

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test checks for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which your body makes in response to infection. It helps determine if you’ve been exposed to HIV.

Quick summary

["An HIV antibody screen is a simple blood test to detect past or current infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
15399-9
Short code
Hu IgG Ser IF-aCnc
Synonyms
Hu IgG Ser IF-aCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
if
CPT
82784
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

How the Test Works

Your blood sample is tested using an immunoassay method to detect HIV antibodies. If antibodies are present, they bind to specific markers on the test surface, triggering a detectable reaction. Results are interpreted to determine exposure risk.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may eat or drink normally before the test. Wear comfortable clothing and bring a photo ID for verification.

What to Expect During the Test

A healthcare provider will draw blood from a vein in your arm using a small needle. You may feel a brief pinch, but the procedure is quick and usually painless. You’ll rest for a few minutes afterward.

What the Results Mean

A positive result means antibodies to HIV were found, indicating possible exposure. A negative result means no antibodies were detected in this test, but HIV could still be present if infection occurred recently. Follow-up testing may be needed.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

HIV antibody screening is critical for early detection. Early diagnosis allows for prompt treatment, which can significantly improve health outcomes and reduce transmission risk. It’s especially important for high-risk individuals or those with symptoms like fever, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss.

Short name

HIV Antibody Screen

Frequently asked questions

Why did my doctor order this test?
Your doctor may recommend this test if you have risk factors for HIV (e.g., unprotected sex, shared needles, or HIV-positive partner), recent travel to high-risk areas, or unexplained symptoms. It’s also part of routine screening for certain groups.
What does a positive result mean?
A positive result means your blood contains antibodies to HIV, suggesting past exposure. You’ll need further testing (like a confirmatory HIV viral load test) to determine if you’re currently infected. Treatment options are available if diagnosed early.
How soon can I get results?
Results are typically available within 24–72 hours, depending on lab processing times. Your healthcare provider will contact you directly with the results. Follow-up instructions will be provided if needed.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy