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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is attached to glucose, reflecting your average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months.

Quick summary

["HbA1c helps doctors track diabetes management and long-term blood sugar control."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
11144-3
Short code
HVA Ur-mCnc
Synonyms
HVA Ur-mCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
urine
Container
Sterile urine container
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
10 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 2h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Is HbA1c Used For?

HbA1c is primarily used to diagnose diabetes and monitor long-term blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. It provides a snapshot of how well your blood sugar has been controlled over time, which can help prevent complications like nerve damage or kidney disease.

How Is HbA1c Different from Daily Blood Sugar Checks?

Unlike daily blood sugar tests (like fingerstick glucose checks), HbA1c gives a broader picture of your average blood sugar levels over months. It’s less affected by short-term fluctuations and helps doctors assess overall diabetes management.

Why Is HbA1c Important for People Without Diabetes?

Even if you don’t have diabetes, HbA1c can help screen for prediabetes or monitor high blood sugar risks. Regular monitoring may be recommended if you have risk factors like obesity, a family history of diabetes, or high blood pressure.

How Is HbA1c Tested?

This test uses a small blood sample (taken from your arm) and measures the percentage of hemoglobin molecules bonded to glucose. The result is typically reported as a percentage (e.g., 5.7% to 6.4% may indicate prediabetes).

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HbA1c

Frequently asked questions

What does an HbA1c result of 6.5% or higher indicate?
An HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher is generally considered diagnostic for diabetes. This suggests your blood sugar levels have been consistently too high over time.
How often should I get an HbA1c test if I have diabetes?
Most people with diabetes should get an HbA1c test at least twice a year, or more often if their blood sugar is hard to control. Your doctor will recommend a schedule based on your specific needs.
Can HbA1c levels change quickly due to diet or exercise?
HbA1c reflects long-term trends, so changes from diet or exercise may take weeks or months to appear in your test results. Short-term fluctuations in blood sugar won’t immediately affect HbA1c.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy