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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the average blood sugar level over the past 2 to 3 months by checking the percentage of hemoglobin (a protein in red blood cells) that is coated with sugar.

Quick summary

["Helps doctors track long-term blood sugar control for diabetes management."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
27267-4
Short code
HVA Ur Ql
Synonyms
HVA Ur Ql
Category
chemistry
Sample
urine
Container
Sterile urine container
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
10 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 2h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Matters for Blood Sugar Control

HbA1c is a key indicator of how well your blood sugar has been managed over time. Unlike daily blood sugar checks, which can fluctuate, HbA1c provides a snapshot of your average glucose levels, helping prevent complications like nerve damage, kidney disease, or heart problems.

How the Test Works

Your blood sample is analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a precise method that separates and measures the different types of hemoglobin, including the sugar-coated form (HbA1c). This process helps determine the percentage of HbA1c in your blood.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed for this test. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm or finger to draw a blood sample, similar to other blood tests. If you’re fasting, confirm with your healthcare provider, as fasting status can sometimes affect results.

Possible Results and Next Steps

Results are typically reported as a percentage (e.g., 6.5%). A higher percentage suggests poorer long-term blood sugar control, while a lower percentage indicates better control. Your doctor will discuss your results in the context of your overall health and treatment plan.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

HbA1c

Frequently asked questions

What does an elevated HbA1c mean?
An elevated HbA1c (usually above 6.5%) may indicate poor blood sugar management and could increase the risk of diabetes-related complications. Your doctor will work with you to adjust medications, lifestyle changes, or monitoring to bring levels back into a healthy range.
Can HbA1c be affected by other health conditions?
Yes, certain conditions like kidney disease, anemia, or certain medications (e.g., some blood pressure drugs) can influence HbA1c results. If you have these conditions or are on medications, let your doctor know so they can interpret your results accurately.
How often should I get this test?
Typically, people with diabetes check their HbA1c every 3 to 6 months to monitor progress. Your doctor may recommend more frequent testing if your blood sugar is unstable or if you’re adjusting treatments. Regular monitoring helps ensure your treatment plan is effective.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy