Immunoglobulin A (IgA) electrophoresis profile (serum/plasma)

What Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into bands based on their electrical charge and size. IgA, along with other immunoglobulins and albumin, appears as distinct bands. The test evaluates the relative amounts of these proteins, which can indicate whether certain proteins are elevated, reduced, or unevenly distributed.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like chronic infections, kidney disease, liver problems, or unexplained weight loss. It can also help diagnose conditions like multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, or certain autoimmune diseases.

How Is the Test Performed?

A small blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The serum or plasma is then placed in an electrophoresis chamber and subjected to an electric current, causing proteins to migrate to different positions based on their properties.

What Are Common Findings?

Abnormal patterns may show bands that are too light or too dark in certain regions, indicating imbalances in protein levels. For example, an increased IgA band might suggest a hypergammaglobulinemia condition, while a missing band could indicate a deficiency or absence of that protein.