Serum or Plasma Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Why Is This Test Done?

Your healthcare provider may order a protein electrophoresis test to investigate symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, frequent infections, or swollen lymph nodes. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or kidney disease. Sometimes, it’s part of a routine check for unexplained changes in blood tests.

What to Expect During the Test

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then processed to separate proteins. The results are qualitative (descriptive rather than numeric), meaning they show patterns rather than exact measurements. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on your doctor’s instructions.

Common Conditions Evaluated

This test can detect problems with protein production, such as monoclonal gammopathy (an abnormal protein found in multiple myeloma) or signs of liver or kidney disease. It may also help diagnose or track conditions like Waldenström macroglobulinemia or certain autoimmune disorders.

Sample Collection and Processing

The test uses serum or plasma (liquid part of blood without or with clotting factors removed). The sample is sent to a lab where proteins are separated using electrophoresis, a technique that moves proteins through a gel based on their size and charge. Results are qualitative and describe the distribution of protein bands.