Serum or plasma protein electrophoresis (qualitative)

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into five main zones: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. Each zone contains proteins with distinct functions, such as transporting nutrients, fighting infection, or maintaining blood pressure. Abnormal patterns may indicate underlying health issues.

Why It’s Ordered

Doctors may recommend this test to diagnose or monitor conditions like multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), liver disease, kidney disease, or certain autoimmune disorders. It can also help assess protein malnutrition or track treatment responses.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then processed to separate serum (liquid part after clotting) or plasma (liquid part before clotting). The sample is sent to a lab for electrophoresis, where it’s applied to a gel and an electric current separates the proteins.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is usually needed, but you may be asked to fast for 8–12 hours before the test if your doctor specifies it. Avoid heavy meals, caffeine, or alcohol to ensure accurate results. Wear comfortable clothing and plan for a short rest period after the draw.