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Serum Free Kappa Light Chain (Free Lambda Light Chain) by Electrophoresis

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the free light chains (specifically kappa and lambda) in your serum, which are small protein fragments produced by your immune system. These fragments can help identify certain immune system conditions.

Quick summary

["Free light chains may indicate immune disorders or other health concerns when measured together or individually."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
104546-7
Short code
Kappa LC Free/Lambda Free SerPl
Synonyms
Kappa LC Free/Lambda Free SerPl
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Might Be Ordered

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have symptoms or a history suggestive of conditions like multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or other monoclonal gammopathies. It can also be part of monitoring for these conditions or other immune-related diseases.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is usually needed. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw blood. If you’re on blood thinners or have a history of bleeding, let your provider know before the test.

What the Test Results Mean

Results are typically compared to reference ranges for healthy individuals. Elevated levels of free light chains (especially lambda) can be associated with conditions like multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders. Your provider will discuss the results in the context of your overall health and symptoms.

Common Conditions Linked to This Test

High levels of free light chains are often linked to monoclonal gammopathies, such as multiple myeloma, where the body produces an abnormal amount of a single type of antibody. They can also be seen in other immune system disorders or after certain treatments.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Free Kappa/Lambda Light Chain Profile (Serum)

Frequently asked questions

What does a high or low level of free light chains mean?
A high level of free light chains, especially lambda, can signal conditions like multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders. Low levels alone are less commonly significant unless part of a broader evaluation for immune function.
Does this test require fasting?
No fasting is required for this blood test.
Can I take my usual medications before this test?
Yes, you can take your usual medications as directed. However, inform your healthcare provider about any medications you’re taking, especially blood thinners or supplements, to ensure they don’t affect the test results.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy