Protein Electrophoresis, Bromocresol Purple Method (Serum)

What Proteins Does This Test Measure?

Protein electrophoresis splits serum proteins into distinct bands based on their electrical charge and size. Key components include albumin (the most abundant protein, supporting blood volume and transport), globulins (which include antibodies, immune system proteins, and others like alpha, beta, and gamma globulins), and other minor proteins. Abnormal band patterns may indicate conditions like chronic inflammation, infections, or genetic disorders.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or signs of organ dysfunction (e.g., liver or kidney issues). It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, where abnormal protein production is common.

Common Conditions Linked to Abnormal Results

High levels of certain globulins (e.g., monoclonal spikes) may suggest multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders. Low albumin could indicate liver disease, malnutrition, or kidney problems. Elevated alpha-2 or beta-2 globulins might point to inflammation, infections, or autoimmune diseases.

How Is the Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn, and serum is separated for analysis. The serum is applied to a gel and subjected to an electric current, causing proteins to migrate toward the opposite charge. A bromocresol purple dye stains the proteins, creating visible bands that are measured.