Serum Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) Electrophoresis

What Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis separates proteins in your serum based on their size and electrical charge. The test looks at how Alpha-1 Antitrypsin moves through a gel during this process, allowing for the identification of different protein bands. These bands can indicate whether you have normal Alpha-1 Antitrypsin levels or variants that may be associated with conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or liver disease.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like persistent cough, shortness of breath, or liver-related issues. It’s also used in genetic testing for families with a history of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin deficiency.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed for this test. You’ll have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw blood. The process usually takes a few minutes, and you may experience a brief pinch or mild discomfort.

What Happens During the Test?

After your blood is drawn, it’s sent to a lab where it’s mixed with a special solution and placed in an electrophoresis machine. The machine applies an electric current, causing the proteins in your blood to move through a gel at different speeds. The resulting pattern of bands is analyzed to determine the distribution of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin variants.