Lipoprotein electrophoresis (qualitative serum/plasma lipoprotein pattern)

What Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis separates lipoproteins (protein-fat complexes) based on their electrical charge and size. This process helps identify patterns such as high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), and chylomicrons. Abnormal patterns may indicate conditions like dyslipidemia, familial lipoprotein disorders, or metabolic syndrome.

Why Might You Need This Test?

A lipoprotein electrophoresis may be ordered if you have a history of high cholesterol, heart disease risk factors, or unexplained lipid abnormalities. It can also be used to monitor certain genetic conditions affecting lipid metabolism or to guide treatment decisions for managing lipid disorders.

How Is This Test Performed?

A small blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The serum or plasma is then placed on a specialized gel and subjected to an electric current. Lipoproteins migrate at different rates, creating distinct bands that can be visualized and analyzed.

What Does the Test Result Mean?

Results show the relative amounts and types of lipoproteins. For example, an abnormal distribution might suggest elevated LDL or VLDL, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Your healthcare provider will interpret the results in the context of your overall health and medical history.