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Major protein electrophoresis (serum/plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the distribution of different proteins in your blood, including albumin, globulins, and other proteins, which can help identify conditions affecting protein balance.

Quick summary

["Helps diagnose and monitor conditions like liver disease, kidney disease, or protein disorders."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
1254-2
Short code
Maj XM Re-Cross SerPl-Imp
Synonyms
Maj XM Re-Cross SerPl-Imp
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Are Measured?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins based on their electrical charge. Key protein bands include albumin (fastest-moving), alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, and gamma-globulins (slowest-moving). Abnormal patterns may indicate underlying health issues.

Why Is This Test Done?

Your healthcare provider may order this test to check for conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or immune system disorders. It can also help evaluate protein loss in urine or fluid collections.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in the arm. The sample is sent to a lab where it is processed into serum or plasma for analysis. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised for some interpretations.

Common Conditions Affecting Results

Abnormal protein patterns may signal conditions such as cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, or monoclonal gammopathy. High or low levels of specific proteins can point to inflammation, infection, or genetic disorders.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What does a protein electrophoresis test show?
It shows the different types and amounts of proteins in your blood, helping identify patterns that may indicate diseases like cancer, liver or kidney problems, or immune disorders.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 1–3 business days, depending on lab processing times and your healthcare provider’s workflow.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
No special diet is required, but your provider may advise fasting if analyzing specific protein fractions (e.g., for albumin). Follow their instructions to ensure accurate results.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy