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Serum or plasma concentration of bilirubin (total)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 17, 2026

This test measures the total amount of bilirubin in your blood, a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells break down. Bilirubin is normally processed by your liver and excreted in bile.

Quick summary

["Total bilirubin helps diagnose liver disease, bile duct blockages, or hemolytic anemia."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 17, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
47278-7
Short code
MCH RBC BldCo Qn
Synonyms
MCH RBC BldCo Qn
Category
hematology
Sample
whole-blood
Container
Lavender-top (EDTA)
Units
N/A
Ref low
4.2
Ref high
5.9
Critical range
2 N/A – 7 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
85041
SNOMED
900000000000003001
Specimen volume
3 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Matters

Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown. When your liver struggles to process it, levels can rise, leading to jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes). High levels may signal liver issues, gallbladder problems, or red blood cell disorders.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed, but avoid eating or drinking for 12 hours before the draw. Wear a loose shirt for easy access to your arm.

How the Test Works

A blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm. The lab analyzes the sample using a chemical method to measure bilirubin concentration.

Possible Causes of Abnormal Results

Elevated bilirubin may result from liver disease (e.g., hepatitis), bile duct blockages, or conditions that cause rapid red blood cell destruction (e.g., anemia). Low levels are less common but may occur with severe liver disease or certain medications.

Reference range

Adult males: 4.2-5.9; Females: 3.8-5.1 x 10^12/LN/A

Specimen: whole-blood

No special preparation required. Stay well hydrated.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Total bilirubin

Frequently asked questions

Could my bilirubin levels be affected by what I eat?
Dietary factors like fiber or certain medications (e.g., antacids) may indirectly influence bilirubin processing, but they don’t directly alter test results. Stick to your usual diet unless instructed otherwise.
Is this test painful?
The needle stick is brief but may cause mild discomfort. Most people tolerate it well. Ice or pressure afterward can ease any soreness.
How often should I get this test?
Your doctor will determine frequency based on your health status. Regular monitoring may be needed if you have liver disease, gallbladder issues, or conditions like hemolytic anemia.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy