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Serum or Plasma Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood, separated by size and charge. It helps identify abnormalities in protein distribution that may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders.

Quick summary

["This test helps diagnose and monitor conditions affecting protein levels in your blood."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
40684-3
Short code
MDR-AB Spec Cult
Synonyms
MDR-AB Spec Cult
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
organism-specific-culture
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis separates proteins into bands based on their electrical charge and size. Common protein bands include albumin, alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, and gamma-globulins. Abnormal patterns may suggest conditions like infections, inflammatory diseases, or genetic disorders.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or if they suspect conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or kidney problems. It’s also used to monitor treatment progress in certain diseases.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then processed to separate serum or plasma for testing. This test is typically done on fresh or refrigerated samples to ensure accurate results.

Common Conditions Evaluated

This test can help detect or monitor conditions such as multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), chronic liver disease, kidney disease, and certain autoimmune disorders. It may also identify abnormal protein spikes, like monoclonal gammopathy.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to get results from this test?
Results are usually available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on the lab’s processing schedule. Follow-up with your healthcare provider to discuss the findings.
What does an abnormal result mean?
An abnormal result may show unusual patterns of proteins, such as extra bands or spikes, which could indicate underlying health issues. Your provider will interpret the results in the context of your symptoms and medical history.
Can I eat or drink anything before this test?
No special preparation is usually needed for this test. However, avoid alcohol for 24 hours before the test if your provider has specific instructions.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy