Protein Electrophoresis, Serum (Qualitative)

What Does This Test Measure?

Protein electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands based on size and charge. This includes albumin, globulins (such as immunoglobulins), and other proteins. Each band represents a different protein type or group.

Why Is This Test Done?

Your doctor may order this test to check for conditions like multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), kidney disease, liver disease, or other protein-related disorders. It can also help monitor treatment progress or diagnose unexplained symptoms such as swelling, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss.

How Is This Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm. The serum (liquid part of blood after clotting) is then separated and placed in an electric field to separate proteins by size and charge. The resulting pattern of bands is analyzed to identify any abnormalities.

What Are Common Findings?

Abnormal patterns may show increased or decreased levels of specific proteins. For example, a spike in one band might indicate multiple myeloma, while a broad pattern could suggest kidney disease or other conditions affecting protein synthesis or clearance.