Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

What Is Protein Electrophoresis Used For?

Protein electrophoresis is primarily used to analyze the composition of proteins in your blood. It helps detect abnormalities in protein distribution, which can indicate conditions such as multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, or other plasma cell disorders. It may also be used to monitor treatment progress or evaluate symptoms like fatigue, swelling, or unexplained infections.

How Is This Test Performed?

A small blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm. The blood is then processed to separate serum (the liquid part without blood cells). The serum is applied to a gel and subjected to an electric current, causing proteins to migrate at different speeds based on their size and charge. The separated proteins are then visualized and analyzed.

Why Might You Need This Test?

You might need this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, frequent infections, bone pain, or high levels of certain proteins in your urine. Doctors may also order it to investigate unexplained anemia, kidney disease, or other blood-related conditions. It’s also used in the evaluation of patients with known plasma cell disorders.

What Are Common Results and Next Steps?

Results may show normal protein distribution or abnormal bands (spikes) indicating high levels of certain proteins. Abnormal findings often prompt further testing, such as bone marrow biopsy, to determine the underlying cause. Your healthcare provider will discuss results and next steps based on your symptoms and medical history.