Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

What Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands, each representing a group of proteins with similar electrical charges. This includes albumin, globulins (such as immunoglobulins), and other fractions like alpha, beta, and gamma globulins. The test helps detect shifts in these fractions that may indicate underlying health issues.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swollen glands, or signs of organ dysfunction. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, chronic liver disease, or kidney problems where protein levels or patterns may be abnormal.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The blood is processed to separate serum (the liquid part after clotting) for testing. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on your provider’s instructions.

What Are Common Findings?

Abnormal results may show increased or decreased levels of specific protein bands. For example, a spike in one band (e.g., monoclonal gammopathy) might suggest multiple myeloma, while a reduced albumin level could indicate liver or kidney disease. Your provider will interpret these findings in the context of your symptoms and medical history.