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Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 17, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood using electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and charge.

Quick summary

["Helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal conditions like multiple myeloma or other blood disorders."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 17, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
101199-8
Short code
M Protein 5 MFr SerPl Elph
Synonyms
M Protein 5 MFr SerPl Elph
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Ref low
7.35
Ref high
7.45
Critical range
7.2 N/A – 7.6 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
electrophoresis
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands, each representing a group of proteins (e.g., albumin, globulins, alpha, beta, gamma). This helps detect imbalances that could indicate conditions like infections, liver disease, or cancers.

Why It’s Done

Your doctor may order this test to investigate symptoms such as fatigue, unexplained weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, or signs of kidney/liver problems. It’s also used in monitoring conditions like multiple myeloma or autoimmune diseases.

Sample Collection

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is processed to separate serum (the liquid part without clots) for testing.

Preparation

No special preparation is needed, but inform your doctor about any medications or recent illnesses. Avoid alcohol or strenuous activity 24 hours before testing.

Reference range

NCBI: pH 7.35-7.45N/A

Specimen: serum

No special preparation usually required. Stay well hydrated. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are taking.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

SPE

Frequently asked questions

Abnormal protein patterns (e.g., spikes in certain bands) may signal conditions like multiple myeloma (excess monoclonal proteins), liver/kidney disease (altered albumin/globulin ratios), or infections (acute-phase reactants).
If your SPE shows unusual results, your doctor may recommend further testing (e.g., bone marrow biopsy, additional protein studies) to diagnose or guide treatment.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24–48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Follow-up with your doctor to discuss findings.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
Yes, eat your usual meals and drink water as usual unless instructed otherwise. Avoid fasting unless directed by your doctor.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy