Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Protein Profile by Electrophoresis

What Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis separates CSF proteins into distinct bands, each representing different protein types. Common bands include albumin, globulins (such as immunoglobulins), and other smaller or larger proteins. The relative amounts of these proteins can indicate abnormalities in protein production, transport, or breakdown in the central nervous system.

Why Might You Need This Test?

This test is often used to evaluate conditions affecting the brain or spinal cord, such as multiple sclerosis, infections (like meningitis), tumors, or other inflammatory or degenerative diseases. It helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may not be visible with standard blood tests.

Common Conditions Monitored

Protein electrophoresis in CSF is particularly useful for diagnosing or monitoring conditions like multiple sclerosis (where immunoglobulin bands may appear), Guillain-Barré syndrome, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, or certain types of brain tumors. It can also help assess the severity of inflammatory or infectious processes in the nervous system.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A small amount of CSF is collected through a procedure called lumbar puncture (spinal tap), where a needle is inserted into the lower back to draw fluid from the spinal canal. The sample is then sent to the lab for electrophoresis analysis. No special preparation is needed before the test, but you may be asked to fast or avoid certain medications depending on your specific situation.