Urinalysis with Microscopic Examination of Urine Sediment (Urine Microscopy)

What Does the Microscopic Urine Test Look For?

Your urine sample is mixed with a special dye and examined under a microscope. The test checks for the presence of red blood cells (hematuria), white blood cells (infection), bacteria, crystals (like calcium oxalate), casts (protein-related kidney damage), and other abnormal substances. These findings can signal urinary tract infections, kidney disease, bladder stones, or other conditions.

Why Might Your Doctor Order This Test?

A urine microscopy test may be recommended if you have symptoms like frequent urination, pain, blood in urine, or unexplained weight loss. It’s also used to monitor chronic conditions like kidney disease or to investigate unexplained lab results from a general urine dipstick test.

How Is the Test Performed?

You’ll provide a clean-catch urine sample (or a catheterized sample if needed). The lab processes the urine by adding a stain (like Wright-Giemsa) to highlight cells and bacteria. A trained technician then examines the sediment under a microscope for abnormalities.

What Are Common Findings and Their Possible Causes?

Red blood cells (hematuria) may indicate kidney stones, infections, or trauma. White blood cells (pyuria) often signal urinary tract infections. Crystals (e.g., calcium oxalate) can suggest kidney stones or metabolic disorders. Protein in casts may reflect kidney damage or glomerulonephritis.