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Urinary Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) or Metanephrines (total)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures chemicals produced when the body breaks down certain hormones, often linked to adrenal gland function or pheochromocytoma.

Quick summary

["Helps diagnose conditions affecting hormone production in the adrenal glands or nervous system."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
31898-0
Short code
MuV Ag UrnS Ql
Synonyms
MuV Ag UrnS Ql
Category
chemistry
Sample
urine
Container
Sterile urine container
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
10 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 2h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like high blood pressure, headaches, sweating, rapid heartbeat, or unexplained weight changes. It can also help check for rare tumors (such as pheochromocytoma) that produce extra hormones or rule out conditions like adrenal gland disorders or nerve system issues.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You’ll provide a 24-hour urine sample collected over a full day. Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully to ensure accurate results.

How the Test Works

Your urine is tested for vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) or total metanephrines, substances formed from hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline. The test detects abnormal levels that may indicate hormonal imbalances.

Possible Results and Interpretation

Results are compared to reference ranges for healthy individuals. Elevated levels may suggest conditions like pheochromocytoma, adrenal tumors, or other hormonal disorders. Your doctor will discuss findings with you.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

VMA/Metanephrines (Urine)

Frequently asked questions

What does an abnormal result mean?
High levels of VMA or metanephrines could signal tumors (like pheochromocytoma) or adrenal gland issues. Low levels may indicate other hormonal or metabolic problems. Always discuss results with your healthcare provider.
How often should I get this test?
Your doctor will determine frequency based on your symptoms, medical history, or treatment needs. Follow-up tests may be scheduled if initial results are unclear.
Can diet or medications affect this test?
Avoid foods high in tyramine (aged cheeses, fermented foods) and caffeine for 24 hours before testing. Some medications (like certain antidepressants) may also influence results. Ask your doctor for guidance.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy