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Neutrophil count in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, in your cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It helps assess conditions affecting the brain and spinal cord.

Quick summary

["Neutrophils in CSF can signal inflammation or infection in the central nervous system."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
26500-9
Short code
Neutrophils # CSF
Synonyms
Neutrophils # CSF
Category
chemistry
Sample
csf
Container
Sterile tube
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
1-2 mL
Stability
Immediate analysis required, Refrigerated: 1h
Hemolysis max
200
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why is this test done?

Your healthcare provider may order this test to investigate symptoms like severe headaches, neck stiffness, confusion, or neurological issues that could indicate meningitis, brain abscesses, or other infections. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple sclerosis or other inflammatory diseases of the nervous system.

What does a high or low neutrophil count mean?

Elevated neutrophils in CSF often suggest an infection (e.g., bacterial meningitis) or severe inflammation. Very low counts may indicate immune suppression or certain autoimmune disorders. However, results depend on the clinical context and other tests.

How is the test performed?

A small amount of CSF is collected through a procedure called a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). The sample is then analyzed under a microscope to count neutrophils and other cells.

What should you expect before or after the test?

You may experience mild discomfort during the procedure, but you’ll be able to return to normal activities afterward. Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous exercise for 24 hours to prevent complications.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

CSF Neutrophils

Frequently asked questions

What causes elevated neutrophils in CSF?
Common causes include bacterial meningitis, brain abscesses, or severe infections spreading to the CNS. Other conditions like traumatic lumbar puncture or certain autoimmune diseases may also lead to elevated neutrophils.
What if my test results are abnormal?
Abnormal results will guide your doctor to further testing or treatments, such as antibiotics for infections or additional imaging. Follow-up may include cultures, imaging scans, or other CSF tests to pinpoint the cause.
Can I take pain relievers before the lumbar puncture?
Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or aspirin 48 hours before the procedure to reduce the risk of bleeding. Always check with your doctor first.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy