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Neutrophil Count (Absolute)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, in your blood. Neutrophils help fight infections.

Quick summary

["Neutrophils are key defenders against bacterial infections; low or high levels may signal health concerns."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
74457-3
Short code
Neutrophils NFr BldCo
Synonyms
Neutrophils NFr BldCo
Category
chemistry
Sample
whole-blood
Container
Lavender-top (EDTA)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
3 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Doctors may order an absolute neutrophil count to diagnose or monitor conditions like infections, certain cancers (e.g., leukemia), autoimmune diseases, or after treatments that weaken the immune system. It can also help assess how well your body is responding to medications or infections.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You’ll have a small needle inserted into your arm or hand to draw a blood sample. The process is quick and usually painless. If you’re on blood-thinning medication, let your provider know before the test.

What the Results Mean

Results are typically reported as a count of neutrophils per microliter (µL) of blood. While exact reference ranges vary by lab, very low counts (below normal) may indicate immune suppression, while very high counts may suggest infection, inflammation, or other conditions.

Common Conditions Affecting Neutrophil Counts

Low neutrophil counts (neutropenia) can occur due to infections, chemotherapy, certain medications, or genetic disorders. High neutrophil counts (neutrophilia) may signal infections, stress, or inflammatory conditions. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your overall health and symptoms.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)

Frequently asked questions

What causes my neutrophil count to be low?
Low neutrophil counts can result from infections (like bacterial infections), certain medications (e.g., chemotherapy drugs), autoimmune diseases, or conditions that affect bone marrow function. If you’ve recently had a procedure or treatment that suppresses your immune system, this could also contribute. Always discuss symptoms and medical history with your healthcare provider.
Why might my neutrophil count be high?
High neutrophil counts often signal an active infection (especially bacterial), inflammation, or stress responses (like severe illness or trauma). Sometimes, certain medications, hormonal changes, or even smoking can also raise neutrophil levels. If you notice unexplained fatigue, fever, or other symptoms, consult your doctor.
How often should I get this test?
The frequency depends on your health condition. If you have a chronic illness (e.g., cancer, autoimmune disease), your doctor may order this test regularly to monitor your immune function. If you’re asymptomatic, routine screening isn’t typically recommended unless you have risk factors (e.g., frequent infections). Always follow your provider’s guidance.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy