Neutrophil count (qualitative manual differential blood smear)

Why This Test Is Done

Doctors may order a manual neutrophil count when they suspect an infection, inflammation, or other conditions affecting white blood cell counts. It’s particularly useful for patients with suspected neutropenia (low neutrophil levels) or those who have had chemotherapy, which can suppress white blood cell production.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed for this test. You’ll have a small needle inserted into your vein (usually in your arm) to draw a blood sample. The blood is then spread thinly on a glass slide and stained for microscopic examination. The technician will count and identify different types of white blood cells, including neutrophils.

What the Results Mean

Results are qualitative (descriptive rather than numerical) and focus on the proportion of neutrophils relative to other white blood cells. High neutrophil percentages may indicate acute infection or stress, while very low percentages could signal immune suppression or bone marrow disorders.

Common Conditions Affecting Neutrophils

Elevated neutrophils are often seen in bacterial infections, severe illness, or stress responses. Low neutrophil counts may occur with autoimmune diseases, chemotherapy, or certain blood disorders. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your overall health and symptoms.