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Neutrophil count (absolute)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections. Neutrophils are key defenders against bacteria and some viruses.

Quick summary

["Neutrophils help protect your body from infections; low or high levels may signal health concerns."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
48048-3
Short code
Neutrophils Nose Ql Wright Stn
Synonyms
Neutrophils Nose Ql Wright Stn
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
wright-stain
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may order this test to check for infections, blood disorders, or immune system issues. It’s also used to monitor conditions like cancer treatment side effects, autoimmune diseases, or chronic infections.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You’ll have a small needle inserted into your arm or hand to draw a blood sample. The process is quick and usually painless.

What the Results Mean

Results are compared to a general reference range for healthy adults. Very high or very low counts may indicate infections, immune problems, or other health conditions.

Common Conditions Affecting Neutrophils

Low neutrophil counts (neutropenia) can increase infection risk, especially in people with cancer, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications. High counts may signal chronic infections, inflammation, or stress.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical significance: Neutrophils are the body’s first responders to bacterial infections. Abnormal counts can signal underlying immune dysfunction, chronic illness, or treatment-related effects (e.g., chemotherapy).

Short name

Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)

Frequently asked questions

What causes a low neutrophil count?
Conditions like chemotherapy, autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus), or certain blood disorders (e.g., aplastic anemia) can lower neutrophils. Viruses, stress, or medications may also play a role.
What causes a high neutrophil count?
Chronic infections, inflammation, or stress (e.g., severe illness, trauma) can raise neutrophil levels. Some cancers or immune disorders may also contribute.
Can diet affect neutrophil counts?
Diet alone rarely changes neutrophil counts, but poor nutrition (e.g., vitamin deficiencies) may weaken immune function indirectly. Hydration and balanced meals support overall blood health.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy