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Bilirubin, Total (Serum)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 17, 2026

This test measures the total amount of bilirubin in your blood, a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells break down. Bilirubin is normally processed by the liver and excreted in bile.

Quick summary

["Bilirubin helps diagnose liver function and bile flow issues."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 17, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
26461-4
Short code
nRBC/RBC NFr Bld
Synonyms
nRBC/RBC NFr Bld
Category
chemistry
Sample
whole-blood
Container
Lavender-top (EDTA)
Units
N/A
Ref low
4.2
Ref high
5.9
Critical range
2 N/A – 7 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
85041
SNOMED
900000000000003001
Specimen volume
3 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why Is This Test Done?

Your healthcare provider may order this test to check for liver problems, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or blockages in the bile ducts. It can also help identify conditions like hemolytic anemia, where red blood cells break down more quickly than usual.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw blood. If you’re on blood thinners, let your provider know to avoid unnecessary bleeding.

What the Results Mean

Higher than normal levels may suggest liver disease, gallstones, or other conditions affecting bile flow. Lower levels are less common but could indicate certain genetic disorders or liver dysfunction.

Common Conditions Monitored

This test is often used alongside others to monitor liver health, detect jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes), or assess bile duct issues.

Reference range

Adult males: 4.2-5.9; Females: 3.8-5.1 x 10^12/LN/A

Specimen: whole-blood

No special preparation required. Stay well hydrated.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Total Bilirubin

Frequently asked questions

What causes elevated bilirubin levels?
Elevated bilirubin can result from liver disease, gallstones blocking bile flow, or conditions like hemolytic anemia where red blood cells break down too quickly.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 1–3 business days, depending on your lab’s processing time.
Can diet affect bilirubin levels?
Dietary changes alone won’t alter bilirubin levels, but certain foods (like excessive alcohol or fatty foods) may indirectly impact liver function that affects test results.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy