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Red Blood Cell Morphology Qualitative Examination (Manual Peripheral Blood Smear)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 17, 2026

This test examines the shape, size, and appearance of red blood cells (RBCs) under a microscope using a blood smear. It helps identify abnormalities that may indicate conditions like anemia, infections, or blood disorders.

Quick summary

["Your doctor may order this test to check for unusual RBC shapes or sizes that could signal health concerns."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 17, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
48040-0
Short code
nRBC Snv Manual-Rto
Synonyms
nRBC Snv Manual-Rto
Category
chemistry
Sample
fluid
Container
Sterile tube
Units
N/A
Ref low
4.2
Ref high
5.9
Critical range
2 N/A – 7 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
manual-count
CPT
85041
SNOMED
900000000000003001
Specimen volume
2-5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 2h, Refrigerated: 24h
Hemolysis max
300
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Doctors perform this test to diagnose or monitor conditions affecting RBCs, such as anemia (low RBC count), iron deficiency, or blood disorders like sickle cell disease. It’s also used to check for infections, bleeding disorders, or reactions to medications.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may fast or avoid certain medications as directed by your doctor, but this is rare for a manual smear. Bring any recent blood test results if requested.

What Happens During the Test

A small blood sample is drawn from your arm. The blood is spread thinly on a microscope slide and stained. A healthcare provider examines the slide under a microscope to assess RBC shape, size, and overall appearance.

What Happens After the Test

Results are typically reviewed by a trained lab professional or hematologist. You’ll receive a qualitative report (yes/no or descriptive) rather than a numeric value. Follow-up may include additional tests if abnormalities are found.

Reference range

Adult males: 4.2-5.9; Females: 3.8-5.1 x 10^12/LN/A

Specimen: fluid

No special preparation required. Stay well hydrated.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Manual RBC Morphology Check

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to get results?
Results are usually available within 24–48 hours, depending on lab workload. Some labs may provide preliminary observations sooner.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
No special dietary restrictions apply, but follow your doctor’s instructions if they specify fasting or avoiding certain medications.
Will I feel any pain during the blood draw?
You may feel a slight pinch during the blood draw, but it’s usually over quickly. Most people experience minimal discomfort.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy