Protein Electrophoresis on Serum (Qualitative or Semi-Quantitative)

Why This Test Is Done

Your doctor may order this test to investigate symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or changes in urine appearance. It’s also used to monitor conditions like chronic kidney disease, liver disorders, or certain cancers. Sometimes, it’s part of a routine check for people at higher risk of protein-related diseases.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed, but you may be asked to fast for 8–12 hours before the test if your blood is drawn early in the morning. Wear a loose shirt for easy access to your arm. If you’re on blood thinners or have a history of bleeding disorders, let your doctor know.

What Happens During the Test

A healthcare provider will draw blood from a vein in your arm using a small needle. The blood is then sent to a lab, where it’s separated into serum (the liquid part) and analyzed using gel electrophoresis. The results show bands representing different protein types, which can be visually inspected or measured quantitatively.

What the Results Mean

Results may show abnormal patterns, such as an excess of one protein type (e.g., monoclonal spikes in multiple myeloma) or reduced levels of others (e.g., low albumin in kidney or liver disease). Your doctor will interpret the results in the context of your symptoms and medical history.