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Serum Albumin Electrophoresis

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 17, 2026

This test measures the protein distribution in your blood using electrophoresis, a technique that separates proteins based on size and charge. It helps identify abnormalities in albumin and other protein fractions, such as alpha, beta, or gamma globulins.

Quick summary

["Albumin electrophoresis helps detect protein disorders, including conditions affecting blood protein balance."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 17, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
72578-8
Short code
Prealb MFr.DF Ur Elph
Synonyms
Prealb MFr.DF Ur Elph
Category
chemistry
Sample
urine
Container
Sterile urine container
Units
N/A
Ref low
7.35
Ref high
7.45
Critical range
7.2 N/A – 7.6 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
electrophoresis
Specimen volume
10 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 2h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Is Albumin Electrophoresis Used For?

Albumin electrophoresis is primarily used to diagnose and monitor conditions related to abnormal protein patterns in the blood. It can help identify conditions like multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, or other monoclonal gammopathies, where an abnormal protein spike appears on the electrophoresis result. It may also be used in evaluating liver disease, kidney disease, or other systemic disorders that alter protein synthesis or clearance.

How Is the Test Performed?

A small blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The serum (liquid part of blood after clotting) is then separated and placed in a gel medium. An electric current is applied, causing proteins to migrate at different speeds based on their size and electrical charge. The separated proteins are stained and visualized to create a pattern.

What Does the Test Result Mean?

The test result shows a graph with peaks representing different protein fractions. Normal results will display a balanced distribution of albumin (the largest peak) and other globulins. Abnormal patterns may indicate an excess or deficiency of specific proteins, which can signal underlying health issues.

Common Conditions Monitored

This test is often used to screen for conditions like monoclonal gammopathies (where an abnormal protein, such as a monoclonal spike, appears), liver or kidney disease, and certain autoimmune disorders. It may also be part of a broader evaluation for unexplained symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, or recurrent infections.

Reference range

NCBI: pH 7.35-7.45N/A

Specimen: urine

No special preparation usually required. Stay well hydrated. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are taking.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance: Albumin Electrophoresis plays a critical role in identifying protein disorders that can affect the immune system, blood clotting, and overall protein balance. Detecting abnormal protein patterns early can guide treatment decisions, such as chemotherapy for myeloma or monitoring for liver/kidney dysfunction. It is particularly valuable in diagnosing conditions where specific protein abnormalities are suspected but not yet confirmed by other tests.

Short name

Albumin Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

Why might my doctor order this test?
Your doctor may recommend albumin electrophoresis if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, frequent infections, or if they suspect a condition like multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, or another protein-related disorder. It may also be part of a routine evaluation for liver or kidney disease.
What should I expect during the test?
You will have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw blood. The process is quick and usually painless. Afterward, you may experience mild discomfort or bruising at the site. No special preparation is needed, but inform your doctor if you have a bleeding disorder or are on blood-thinning medication.
How long does it take to get results, and when should I follow up?
Results are typically available within a few days to a week, depending on your lab. Follow up with your doctor if you receive abnormal results or if your doctor has specific instructions for interpretation. If you have concerns about your test results, discuss them with your healthcare provider.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy