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Protein Electrophoresis, Serum (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood serum using electrophoresis, a technique that separates proteins based on size and charge. It helps identify abnormalities in protein distribution, which can indicate conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders.

Quick summary

["This test helps doctors diagnose and monitor conditions affecting protein levels in your blood."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
18521-5
Short code
P-R interval L-AVL
Synonyms
P-R interval L-AVL
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ekg
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates proteins into distinct bands based on their electrical charge and molecular weight. This allows for qualitative assessment of protein patterns, including albumin, globulins, and other fractions. Abnormal patterns may suggest conditions like multiple myeloma, cirrhosis, or immune system disorders.

Why It’s Done

Doctors order this test to investigate symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or changes in kidney/liver function. It’s also used in screening for hereditary protein disorders or evaluating treatment responses in certain cancers.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The serum is separated from blood cells and analyzed for protein composition. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on clinical context.

Common Conditions Monitored

Abnormal results may point to conditions like multiple myeloma (overproduction of abnormal proteins), liver disease (altered albumin/globulin ratios), or systemic lupus erythematosus (increased globulins). It’s also used to assess protein loss in kidney disease.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What does a normal vs. abnormal result mean?
A normal result shows balanced protein bands, indicating typical distribution. An abnormal result may show extra bands (monoclonal spikes), altered band intensity, or unusual patterns, which need further evaluation by your healthcare provider.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Follow-up with your doctor will determine if additional testing is needed.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
No special diet is required, but always check with your doctor or lab technician for any specific instructions based on your overall health or test purpose.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy