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Protein Electrophoresis, Serum

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood, including albumin and globulins, which help your body function properly.

Quick summary

["It helps identify protein imbalances that may signal conditions like kidney disease, liver problems, or infections."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
18522-3
Short code
P-R interval L-AVR
Synonyms
P-R interval L-AVR
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ekg
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Are Measured?

The test separates blood proteins into several fractions: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins (antibodies). Each fraction has a distinct role in your body’s health, such as supporting immunity or maintaining fluid balance.

Why Might This Test Be Ordered?

Your doctor may recommend this test if you have symptoms like swelling, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or if they suspect conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or chronic infections.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The serum (liquid part of blood after clotting) is then separated and analyzed using electrophoresis, a technique that sorts proteins based on size and charge.

Common Conditions Monitored

This test is often used to monitor conditions affecting protein production, such as kidney disease (e.g., nephrotic syndrome), liver disease, or autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Protein electrophoresis can reveal abnormal patterns, such as spikes (e.g., monoclonal gammopathy) or low albumin levels, which may indicate underlying diseases requiring further medical evaluation.

Short name

Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What Does a High or Low Protein Level Mean?
High levels of certain proteins (e.g., gamma globulins) may suggest an immune response, while low albumin could signal liver or kidney issues. However, results alone don’t diagnose a condition—your doctor will interpret them with your full medical picture.
How Often Should This Test Be Done?
Frequency depends on your health status. If you have a chronic condition like kidney disease or cancer, your doctor may order this test regularly. Otherwise, it’s often done as needed for specific symptoms or investigations.
Can Diet Affect This Test?
Dietary changes may indirectly influence protein levels (e.g., high protein intake could temporarily raise albumin), but your doctor will guide you if needed. Avoid alcohol or certain medications before testing to ensure accurate results.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy