Protein Electrophoresis (Serum)
This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood, helping doctors check for conditions like kidney disease, liver problems, or certain cancers.
["It helps identify abnormal protein levels that may signal underlying health issues."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 18525-6
- Short code
- P-R interval L-III
- Synonyms
- P-R interval L-III
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- serum
- Container
- Red-top tube (SST)
- Units
- N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- ekg
- Specimen volume
- 5 mL
- Stability
- Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
- Hemolysis max
- 500
- Lipemia max
- 1000
- Icterus max
- 500
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
Why This Test Is Done
Doctors may order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions affecting protein balance in the blood. For example, it can help detect kidney disease (like nephrotic syndrome), liver disease, or multiple myeloma. It may also be used to screen for certain types of immune system disorders or to check for protein loss in urine (proteinuria).
What to Expect Before the Test
No special preparation is usually needed. You may be asked to fast for 8–12 hours before the test if your doctor specifies it, but this is not always required. Bring any medications you’re taking, as some may affect results. Avoid smoking for 30 minutes before the draw if instructed, as it can slightly alter protein levels.
How the Test Is Performed
A healthcare provider will draw blood from a vein in your arm using a small needle. The blood sample is then sent to a lab, where it is separated into layers by gel electrophoresis. Different proteins move at varying speeds, creating distinct bands that are analyzed to determine their concentrations.
What the Results Mean
Results show the relative amounts of different protein groups, including albumin, globulins (such as immunoglobulins), and other fractions. Abnormal patterns may indicate conditions like hypoalbuminemia (low albumin), immune disorders, or metabolic diseases. Your doctor will interpret the results in the context of your overall health and symptoms.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
◆Associated findings1
Short name
Serum Protein Electrophoresis
Frequently asked questions
Changes in protein electrophoresis can signal serious health problems. For instance, high levels of certain globulins may point to infections, inflammation, or autoimmune diseases. Low albumin levels could suggest kidney disease, malnutrition, or liver failure. Doctors use these findings to guide treatment, such as adjusting medications, managing chronic conditions, or planning further tests.
A shift in protein bands could mean your body is producing too much or too little of certain proteins. This might indicate an immune system issue (like multiple myeloma or rheumatoid arthritis), a liver or kidney problem, or even a genetic disorder. Always discuss your results with your doctor—they’ll explain what’s happening in your specific case.
If your initial results show unusual patterns, your doctor may repeat the test to confirm findings or check for changes over time. They might also order additional tests (like urine protein tests or blood chemistry panels) to get a clearer picture of what’s affecting your health.
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy