Protein Electrophoresis (Serum)

What Proteins Are Measured?

Your blood contains several types of proteins, each with a specific role. The test typically separates these into broad categories: albumin, globulins (including alpha, beta, and gamma globulins), and sometimes other fractions like fibrinogen. These proteins are detected using gel electrophoresis, which sorts them based on size and charge.

Why Is This Test Done?

Doctors may order this test to check for conditions affecting protein production, such as liver disease (which can lower albumin), infections (which may increase gamma globulins), or kidney problems (which can alter protein breakdown). It’s also used to monitor certain treatments or conditions like multiple myeloma.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then processed to separate serum (the liquid part after clotting) for testing. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on the clinical context.

What Do Results Mean?

Abnormal results may indicate imbalances in protein types, which can signal underlying health concerns. For example, low albumin might suggest malnutrition or liver disease, while high gamma globulins could point to chronic infections or autoimmune disorders. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your overall health.