Protein Electrophoresis (Serum)

What Proteins Are Measured?

Protein electrophoresis separates blood proteins into fractions based on size and charge. Key components include albumin (the most abundant protein, supporting blood pressure and fluid balance) and globulins (which include antibodies, transport proteins, and other immune-related proteins). Other minor protein bands may be visible depending on the method used.

Why Is This Test Ordered?

Your doctor may order this test to check for abnormal protein levels that could indicate conditions like multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), kidney disease, liver disease, or inflammatory disorders. It’s also used to evaluate protein loss in urine (proteinuria) or to monitor treatment responses.

Sample Preparation and Collection

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then separated into serum (the liquid part after clotting) for testing. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on your doctor’s instructions.

What to Expect During the Test

The blood draw takes a few minutes, and you may feel slight discomfort. The serum is then analyzed using electrophoresis, which involves applying the sample to a gel and applying an electric current to separate proteins. Results are typically ready within 24–48 hours.