Protein Electrophoresis, Serum

What Is Protein Electrophoresis Used For?

Protein electrophoresis is primarily used to detect unusual protein bands or shifts in the protein profile. These changes can indicate conditions affecting protein production, such as certain cancers, kidney disease, or immune system disorders. It’s often part of a broader diagnostic workup for unexplained symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, or swelling.

How Is the Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The serum portion is separated and placed in a gel where an electric current runs through it. Proteins move toward the opposite charge, creating distinct bands that correspond to different protein types. The results are analyzed to compare your protein pattern to normal ranges.

Preparation and Timing

No special preparation is needed, but fasting is usually not required. Results may take several days to weeks, depending on lab processing and follow-up needs. Follow-up tests or consultations may be scheduled if abnormalities are found.

What Might Abnormal Results Indicate?

Abnormal bands or patterns can suggest conditions like multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), amyloidosis (a buildup of abnormal proteins in organs), or other disorders affecting protein synthesis or breakdown. For example, a spike in a specific protein band may indicate a monoclonal gammopathy, which is often linked to plasma cell disorders.